designated to be sealed hunter: it's a particular definition that can be applied to a category of mages who have accomplished a certain result in their researches and who needs to preserve those results as the Association wills, no matter what. In this case, a magi has a few options: run from the Guild and trying to continue his/her own researches on their own (and in this case the Guild persecutes them, since they're potentially dangerous for society who could find out about magic arts, although the developments of those reseraches are useful for the Association), or try to follow the Association orders and live a peaceful life in shadow, trying to pass the tradition and experience he/she has accumulated to his/her heirs.
dainslef: see tyrfing
durendal: the most sacred and holy sword ever created, belonging to Roland, paladin of Charlemagne. It contains several sacred fragments within the hilt (a tooth of Saint Peter, blood of Saint Basil, hair of Saint Denis, and a piece of the raiment of the Blessed Virgin Mary) and it's the symbol of loyalty and faith. Due to its holiness it allows 3 miracles and the blade is always sharp (how ironic since Roland broke it before dying).
elements: Or well the forces that compose the world. Elemento are generally recognized due to the tradiction or culture of an area, The Magi Association generally recognizes the 5 classical elements (earth, air, water, fire, wind) although many more could be found in magic practice or in families traditions. Elements influente the aligment of a magi.
EMIYA: the transiction between Shirou and Archer, a sort of unworthy person with the desire to become a heroe, who made many mistakes and who was unable to save teh life of those he should protect.
enuma elishi (The Star of Creation that Breaks Apart the Heaven and Earth): Gilgamesh's 1st Noble Phantasm, or well a tecnique possible through the usage of Air (Sword of Destruction), that creates a space and time distortion able to majorly damage or destroy those included in it.
erukidu: Gilgamesh's 3rd Noble Phantasm, the chain that gives the power to subdue gods. It's really powerful against divinities, but lesser is the godly attribute, loweer is the damage suffered and it has no addicitional effects on enemies which aren't divinities as well.
excalibur The Sword of Promised Victory: Traditionally King's Arthur sword, a weapon made by spirits and fairies, not from this world. Excalibur is also Saber's 2nd Noble Phantasm and it's potraied as a sword that can use the magic of light. In battle it appears as a sort of big ray of light although the real slashing power is concentrated on the tip of the sword, producing a devastating slash (that can tear apart even earth) as it is released and directed towards its target.
fragarach: Bazette weapon. The legendary sword of the irish heroes Manannan mac Lir and Lugh Lamfada, also called the "Answerer" a weapon that no armor could stop. It was lately given to Cúchulainn.
fuyuki city: The town in which the Grail War and the story of Fate/stay night it's set. It was completely burnt 10 years before the beginning of Fate, at the end of the previous war. Now the town has been rebuilt and divided into 2 areas: business district in the lower part, where shops and new houses are located and where the Church of Kotomine Kirei stands; the traditional area on the upper area, where the old buildings are and the Ryudo's Temple stands.